National Pet Dental Health

February is National Pet Dental Health Month, making it an ideal time to focus on an aspect of dog care that is frequently overlooked: oral health. While many owners are diligent about exercise, nutrition and training, dental care can be unintentionally neglected, often because problems are not immediately obvious. However, dental disease is one of the most common health issues affecting dogs, and it can have serious consequences if left unmanaged.

This article explains why dental health matters, what can go wrong, and the most effective, practical ways to look after your dog’s teeth throughout their life.

Why Dental Health Is So Important for Dogs

A dog’s mouth is the gateway to the rest of the body. Healthy teeth and gums support comfortable eating, normal behaviour and overall wellbeing. When dental health is poor, the effects are not confined to the mouth.

Dental Disease Is Extremely Common

Veterinary studies consistently show that the majority of dogs over the age of three have some degree of dental disease. This can range from mild gingivitis to advanced periodontal disease involving tooth loss and infection.

Dental disease develops gradually, often without obvious signs in the early stages. By the time pain or behavioural changes become noticeable, the condition may already be advanced.

Pain and Reduced Quality of Life

Dogs are very good at masking pain. A dog with dental discomfort may continue eating, playing and interacting normally, even when experiencing significant oral pain. Subtle signs can include:

• Reluctance to chew hard food or toys

• Dropping food while eating

• Chewing on one side of the mouth

• Reduced interest in training rewards

• Irritability or withdrawal

Chronic dental pain can affect mood, appetite and willingness to engage in normal activities.

Whole-Body Health Consequences

Bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream and travel to other organs. Over time, this can contribute to problems affecting the heart, liver and kidneys. Maintaining good oral health is therefore not just about teeth, but about supporting long-term systemic health.

Common Dental Problems in Dogs

Understanding the most common dental issues helps owners recognise why preventive care is so important.

Plaque and Tartar Build-Up

• Plaque is a soft film of bacteria that forms on teeth every day.

• If not removed, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus), which cannot be brushed away.

Tartar irritates the gums and provides an ideal surface for further bacterial growth.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, often seen as redness, swelling or bleeding. At this stage, the condition is usually reversible with proper dental care.

Periodontal Disease

When inflammation extends below the gum line, periodontal disease develops. This can lead to:

• Loss of supporting bone

• Loose or infected teeth

• Abscesses

• Chronic pain

At this stage, professional veterinary treatment is required.

Tooth Fractures and Wear

Chewing very hard objects, such as stones, antlers or hard nylon toys, can fracture teeth. Even small fractures can expose the sensitive inner structures of the tooth, leading to pain and infection.

The Best Ways to Look After Your Dog’s Teeth

Good dental care is most effective when it combines daily home care, appropriate diet and regular veterinary checks. No single method works in isolation.

1. Tooth Brushing: The Gold Standard

Brushing your dog’s teeth is the most effective way to prevent plaque build-up.

Key points for successful brushing:

• Use a dog-specific toothbrush or finger brush

• Always use dog toothpaste (human toothpaste can be toxic to dogs)

• Aim to brush daily, or at least several times per week

• Focus on the outer surfaces of the teeth, where plaque accumulates most

Introducing Brushing Gradually

For dogs new to tooth brushing:

1. Start by gently handling the muzzle and lifting the lips

2. Introduce toothpaste as a positive experience (many are flavoured)

3. Begin with short sessions and gradually increase duration

4. Pair brushing with praise or a calm reward

Patience is essential. Even brief, regular brushing is far better than none at all.

2. Dental Diets and Appropriate Chewing

Diet can play an important supporting role in dental health.

Dental Kibble

Some specially formulated dental diets have larger or specially shaped kibble designed to mechanically clean teeth as the dog chews. These can be helpful, particularly for dogs that tolerate brushing poorly.

Safe Chewing Options

Chewing can help reduce plaque, but not all chews are equal.

Better options include:

• Veterinary-approved dental chews

• Rubber toys designed to promote safe chewing

• Products carrying recognised dental health approvals

Avoid:

• Very hard items that cannot be indented with a fingernail

• Bones that splinter

• Antlers and stones

The goal is gentle abrasion, not excessive force.

3. Dental Treats and Water Additives

Dental treats and water additives can be useful adjuncts, but they should not replace brushing.

• Dental treats can help reduce plaque when used regularly

• Water additives may help slow bacterial growth in the mouth

These products are most effective when used as part of a broader dental care routine rather than as standalone solutions.

4. Regular Veterinary Dental Checks

Routine veterinary examinations should always include an oral assessment.

Your vet can:

• Identify early signs of dental disease

• Advise on home-care routines

• Recommend professional cleaning if required

Professional Dental Cleaning

When tartar is already established below the gum line, professional cleaning under anaesthetic may be necessary. While this can sound concerning, untreated dental disease poses a far greater risk to your dog’s health and comfort.

Dental Care Across Different Life Stages

Puppies

• Begin gentle mouth handling early

• Introduce brushing as a normal routine

• Avoid encouraging chewing on inappropriate hard objects

Early positive experiences make lifelong dental care much easier.

Adult Dogs

• Maintain regular brushing

• Monitor for signs of discomfort or bad breath

• Adjust dental care routines as needed based on breed and size

Senior Dogs

Older dogs are more likely to have established dental disease and may need:

• More frequent veterinary checks

• Softer dental care options

• Adjusted brushing techniques for comfort

Dental care remains just as important in later life, even if changes are needed.

Breed and Individual Considerations

Some dogs are more prone to dental problems than others.

• Small and toy breeds often have crowded teeth, increasing plaque build-up

• Dogs with short muzzles may have misaligned teeth

• Dogs with a history of poor dental care may need closer monitoring

Your vet can help tailor a dental care plan to suit your individual dog.

Common Myths About Dog Dental Health

“Bad breath is normal for dogs.” Persistent bad breath is usually a sign of dental disease.

“Dry food cleans teeth.” Standard kibble offers minimal dental benefit unless specifically designed for dental health.

“Dental chews are enough on their own.” Chews help, but they do not replace brushing.

Making Dental Care a Normal Part of Dog Ownership

Dental care does not need to be complicated or stressful. When introduced gradually and maintained consistently, it becomes just another part of daily routine, like grooming or walking.

February’s National Pet Dental Health Month is a timely reminder to assess your dog’s current dental routine and make improvements where needed. Small, regular efforts can prevent pain, reduce the need for invasive treatment and significantly improve your dog’s comfort and overall health.

Final Thoughts

Good dental health supports far more than a clean smile. It protects your dog from pain, reduces the risk of serious illness and contributes to a longer, healthier life. Whether your dog is a puppy just starting out or a senior enjoying their golden years, it is never too early – or too late – to prioritise dental care.

If you are unsure where to begin, speak to your veterinary practice for personalised advice. A proactive approach today can prevent significant problems tomorrow, ensuring your dog stays comfortable, happy and healthy for years to come.